When using indirect or reported speech, the form changes. Usually indirect speech is introduced by the verb said, as in I said, Bill said, or they said. Using the verb say in this tense, indicates that something was said in the past. In these cases, the main verb in the reported sentence is put in the past. If the main verb is already in a past tense, then the tense changes to another past tense; it can almost be seen as moving even further into the past.
Verb tense changes also characterize other situations using indirect speech. Note the changes shown in the chart and see the table below for examples. With indirect speech, the use of that is optional.
DIRECT SPEECH :
simple present
He said, “I go to school every day.”
simple past
He said, “I went to school every day.”
present perfect
He said, “I have gone to school every day.”
present progressive
He said, “I am going to school every day.”
past progressive
He said, “I was going to school every day.”
future (will)
He said, “I will go to school every day.”
future (going to)
He said, “I am going to school every day.”
Direct Speech
auxiliary + verb name
He said, “Do you go to school every day?”
He said, “Where do you go to school?”
imperative
He said, “Go to school every day.”
INDIRECT SPEECH
simple past
He said (that) he went to school every day.
past perfect
He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
past progressive
He said (that) he was going to school every day.
perfect progressive
He said (that) he had been going to school every day
would + verb name
He said (that) he would go to school every day.
present progressive
He said (that) he is going to school every day.
past progressive
He said (that) he was going to school every day
Indirect Speech
simple past
He asked me if I went to school every day.*
He asked me where I went to school.
infinitive
He said to go to school every day.
*Note than when a Yes/No question is being asked in direct speech, then a construction with if or whether is used. If a WH question is being asked, then use the WH to introduce the clause. Also note that with indirect speech, these are examples of embedded questions.
The situation changes if instead of the common said another part of the very to say is used. In that case the verb tenses usually remain the same. Some examples of this situation are given below.
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